{"id":31,"date":"2019-03-03T06:02:19","date_gmt":"2019-03-03T06:02:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.free-herbal-medicines.com\/blog\/?p=31"},"modified":"2019-03-08T06:02:59","modified_gmt":"2019-03-08T06:02:59","slug":"pennyroyal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.free-herbal-medicines.com\/blog\/pennyroyal\/","title":{"rendered":"Pennyroyal"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>American pennyroyal, European pennyroyal, lurk-in-the-ditch, Mentha pulegium, mosquito plant, piliolerial, pudding grass, pulegium, run-by-the-ground, squaw balm, squawmint, tickweed<\/p>\n<p>The leaves and flowering tops of Mentha pulegium contain pennyroyal oil. The oil contains D-pulegione (60% to 90%), methone, isomethone, tannins, and flavonoids. Pulegione depletes glutathione in the liver. In high doses, it has abortifacient properties. Pennyroyal is available as a tea, tincture, loose dried herb, and capsules.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reported uses<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the past, pennyroyal was used to treat digestive disorders, liver and gallbladder disorders, bowel disorders, pneumonia, gout, and colds. It&#8217;s currently used topically for skin diseases. It&#8217;s also used as an abortifacient, insect repellent, antiseptic, flavoring agent, and fragrance in detergents, soaps, and perfumes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Administration<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dried herb: 1 to 4 g by mouth three times a day<\/li>\n<li>Insect repellent: Applied sparingly to skin, as needed<\/li>\n<li>Tea: 1 cup by mouth every day.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hazards<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Adverse effects associated with the use of pennyroyal include lethargy, delirium, unconsciousness, seizures, hallucinations, hypertension, tachycardia, respiratory failure, anesthetic-like paralysis, shock, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, miscarriage, irreversible renal damage, hepatotoxicity, severe liver damage, and dermatitis. Herbal products that contain alcohol may cause a disulfiram-like reaction.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Safety Risk<\/strong>\u00a0Severe poisoning has been reported after consumption of 5 g of pennyroyal oil as an abortifacient. Overdose may cause vomiting, hypertension, anesthetic-like paralysis, and respiratory failure.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Safety Risk<\/strong>\u00a0Pennyroyal has toxic effects on the liver and isn&#8217;t recommended for internal use.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Clinical considerations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Some products may contain alcohol and may not be suitable for use by children, alcoholic patients, patients with liver failure, or patients who take disulfiram or metronidazole.<\/li>\n<li>Caution patient about pennyroyal&#8217;s toxic effects on the liver and warn him to take herb orally only with close supervision by a health care provider.<\/li>\n<li>If patient uses the oil as a flavoring, warn him to use only small amounts.<\/li>\n<li>Advise pregnant patient not to use this herb because it has abortifacient properties.<\/li>\n<li>Warn patient to keep all herbal products away from children and pets.<\/li>\n<li>Tell patient to remind prescriber and pharmacist of any herbal and dietary supplement that he&#8217;s taking when obtaining a new prescription.<\/li>\n<li>Advise patient to consult his health care provider before using an herbal preparation because a treatment with proven efficacy may be available.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Research summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The concepts behind the use of pennyroyal and the claims made regarding its effects haven&#8217;t yet been validated scientifically.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>American pennyroyal, European pennyroyal, lurk-in-the-ditch, Mentha pulegium, mosquito plant, piliolerial, pudding grass, pulegium, run-by-the-ground, squaw balm, squawmint, tickweed The leaves&#8230;  <a class=\"excerpt-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.free-herbal-medicines.com\/blog\/pennyroyal\/\" title=\"Read Pennyroyal\">Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"amp_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-herbal-medicines"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.free-herbal-medicines.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.free-herbal-medicines.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.free-herbal-medicines.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.free-herbal-medicines.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.free-herbal-medicines.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.free-herbal-medicines.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32,"href":"https:\/\/www.free-herbal-medicines.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31\/revisions\/32"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.free-herbal-medicines.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.free-herbal-medicines.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.free-herbal-medicines.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}